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37. What are the three major elements of the circular flow of economic a) Money, Goods, and Services b) Production, Distribution, and Consumption c) Production, Income, and Spending d) Supply, Demand, and Price

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Mar 18,2025

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The three major elements of the circular flow of economic activity are Production, Income, and Spending.

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1. First, identify the key components in the circular flow of economic activity. The model typically illustrates how production creates income, and that income is then used for spending. 2. The three major elements represent: - \( \textbf{Production} \): Goods and services are produced. - \( \textbf{Income} \): Production creates income for the households. - \( \textbf{Spending} \): Households use their income to purchase goods and services. 3. Comparing with the options provided, option **(c) Production, Income, and Spending** matches these elements. Thus, the correct answer is **(c) Production, Income, and Spending**.

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The circular flow of economic activity is a dynamic model that illustrates how money, goods, and services move through an economy. It encompasses various participants, including households that provide labor and consume goods, and firms that produce goods and services, generating income. This interaction highlights the interconnectedness of economic agents and the constant flow of resources, shedding light on the importance of balanced economic relationships. To deepen your understanding, consider how the circular flow model applies in real-world scenarios, like during economic crises. In times of recession, for example, household spending decreases, leading to reduced income for firms, and ultimately resulting in a slowdown in production. Observing these flows can help you grasp the ripple effects of changes in consumption patterns or government policies on the broader economy.

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ECA115D/ECN105D/EA105D TEST 1 28. In economics, the "HOW" in the production question refers to a) The ways in which factors of production may be combined to produce output b) The way in which firms uses principle of profit maximization c) The way in which the state sets output targets in a command economy d) The problem of scarcity in the economy 29. Adam Smith's concept of the invisible hand suggests that the selfish actions of rational individuals will generate an efficient allocation of scarce resources a) False b) True 30. In the South African economy, the problem of "WHAT TO PRODUCE" is solved primarily by: a) The national Planning Commission b) The South African Reserve Bank c) The South African Revenue Services d) The patterns of consumers spending and direction of government 31. Problems relating to the allocation of the factors of production and the distribution of income exist: a) In socialist economies only b) In capitalist economies only c) In market economies only d) In all economies 32. Which statement best describes the economic system? a) A network of parts interlocked to form a pattern that aims at solving the What, How and For Whom questions in the society. b) Aims at studying the choices economic agents make under conditions of scarcity. c) It explains how the different types of systems are interdependent. d) Coordinating mechanism 33. Which of the following is not a common feature in classifying economic systems? a) Property rights b) Market capitalism c) Planned socialism. d) Traditional system 8

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ECA115D/ECN105D/EA105D TEST 1 28. In economics, the "HOW" in the production question refers to a) The ways in which factors of production may be combined to produce output b) The way in which firms uses principle of profit maximization c) The way in which the state sets output targets in a command economy d) The problem of scarcity in the economy 29. Adam Smith's concept of the invisible hand suggests that the selfish actions of rational individuals will generate an efficient allocation of scarce resources a) False b) True 30. In the South African economy, the problem of "WHAT TO PRODUCE" is solved primarily by: a) The national Planning Commission b) The South African Reserve Bank c) The South African Revenue Services d) The patterns of consumers spending and direction of government 31. Problems relating to the allocation of the factors of production and the distribution of income exist: a) In socialist economies only b) In capitalist economies only c) In market economies only d) In all economies 32. Which statement best describes the economic system? a) A network of parts interlocked to form a pattern that aims at solving the What, How and For Whom questions in the society. b) Aims at studying the choices economic agents make under conditions of scarcity. c) It explains how the different types of systems are interdependent. d) Coordinating mechanism 33. Which of the following is not a common feature in classifying economic systems? a) Property rights b) Market capitalism c) Planned socialism. d) Traditional system 8
ECA115D/ECN105D/EA105D TEST 1 28. In economics, the "HOW" in the production question refers to a) The ways in which factors of production may be combined to produce output b) The way in which firms uses principle of profit maximization c) The way in which the state sets output targets in a command economy d) The problem of scarcity in the economy 29. Adam Smith's concept of the invisible hand suggests that the selfish actions of rational individuals will generate an efficient allocation of scarce resources a) False b) True 30. In the South African economy, the problem of "WHAT TO PRODUCE" is solved primarily by: a) The national Planning Commission b) The South African Reserve Bank c) The South African Revenue Services d) The patterns of consumers spending and direction of government 31. Problems relating to the allocation of the factors of production and the distribution of income exist: a) In socialist economies only b) In capitalist economies only c) In market economies only d) In all economies 32. Which statement best describes the economic system? a) A network of parts interlocked to form a pattern that aims at solving the What, How and For Whom questions in the society. b) Aims at studying the choices economic agents make under conditions of scarcity. c) It explains how the different types of systems are interdependent. d) Coordinating mechanism 33. Which of the following is not a common feature in classifying economic systems? a) Property rights b) Market capitalism c) Planned socialism. d) Traditional system 8
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