5.2 Is propan-2-ol a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol? Explain. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 5.3 Write the balanced equation for the reaction of pentan-1-ol with HBr by the use of condensed structur formulas. Name the products that are formed. 5.4 Is pentan-1-ol a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol? Explain. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 5.3 How should the HBr be prepared for the substitution reaction with the type of alcohols mentioned in Questio 5.2 and 5.4 ? $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 6. 6.1 Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis reaction which 2-bromo-3-methylbutane undergoes to form a alcohol and potassium bromide. Use structural formulas. Name the products that are formed. 6.2 State the conditions for this reaction. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 7. 7.1 Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis reaction which 2-chloro-2-methylpropane undergoes to form a alcohol and hydrogen chloride. Use structural formulas. Name the products that are formed. 7.2 State the conditions for this reaction. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 7. Complete the following reaction for the halogenation substitution reaction of: $$ 7.1 \mathrm{CH}_{4}+\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \rightarrow $$ $$ 3.2 \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow $$ 8. Complete the hydrolisis reaction for: $$ 8.1 \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}+\mathrm{NaOH} $$ (dilute) $$ \rightarrow $$ $$ 8.2 \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow $$

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### 5.2 Is propan-2-ol a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol? Explain.

**Propan-2-ol** (also known as isopropanol) has the following structure:

$$
\text{CH}_3\text{CHOH}\text{CH}_3
$$

In this structure, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two other carbon atoms. This means that propan-2-ol is classified as a **secondary alcohol** because the carbon bearing the -OH group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

### 5.3 Write the balanced equation for the reaction of pentan-1-ol with HBr by the use of condensed structural formulas. Name the products that are formed.

**Pentan-1-ol** has the following structure:

$$
\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}
$$

When pentan-1-ol reacts with HBr, it undergoes a substitution reaction to form **bromopentane** and water. The balanced equation is:

$$
\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{HBr} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br} + \text{H}_2\text{O}
$$

**Products:** Bromopentane and water.

### 5.4 Is pentan-1-ol a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol? Explain.

**Pentan-1-ol** has the following structure:

$$
\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}
$$

In this structure, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to only one other carbon atom. This means that pentan-1-ol is classified as a **primary alcohol** because the carbon bearing the -OH group is bonded to only one other carbon atom.

### 5.5 How should the HBr be prepared for the substitution reaction with the type of alcohols mentioned in Questions 5.2 and 5.4?

HBr can be prepared by the reaction of **hydrobromic acid** with a suitable bromide source, such as sodium bromide (NaBr) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄):

$$
\text{NaBr} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{HBr} + \text{NaHSO}_4
$$

This method generates HBr in situ, which can then be used for the substitution reactions with the alcohols.

### 6.1 Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis reaction which 2-bromo-3-methylbutane undergoes to form an alcohol and potassium bromide. Use structural formulas. Name the products that are formed.

**2-Bromo-3-methylbutane** has the following structure:

$$
\text{CH}_3\text{CHBr}\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2
$$

When it undergoes hydrolysis, it reacts with water to form **3-methylbutan-2-ol** and potassium bromide (KBr). The balanced equation is:

$$
\text{CH}_3\text{CHBr}\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH(OH)}\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2 + \text{KBr}
$$

**Products:** 3-methylbutan-2-ol and potassium bromide.

### 6.2 State the conditions for this reaction.

The conditions for the hydrolysis reaction typically include:

- **Solvent:** Water (often in the presence of a catalyst like an acid).
- **Temperature:** Mild heating may be applied to facilitate the reaction.

### 7.1 Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis reaction which 2-chloro-2-methylpropane undergoes to form an alcohol and hydrogen chloride. Use structural formulas. Name the products that are formed.

**2-Chloro-2-methylpropane** has the following structure:

$$
\text{C}(\text{Cl})(\text{CH}_3)(\text{CH}_3)
$$

When it undergoes hydrolysis, it reacts with water to form **2-methylpropan-2-ol** and hydrogen chloride (HCl). The balanced equation is:

$$
\text{C}(\text{Cl})(\text{CH}_3)(\text{CH}_3) + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}(\text{OH})(\text{CH}_3)(\text{CH}_3) + \text{HCl}
$$

**Products:** 2-methylpropan-2-ol and hydrogen chloride.

### 7.2 State the conditions for this reaction.

The conditions for the hydrolysis reaction typically include:

- **Solvent:** Water (often in the presence of a catalyst like an acid).
- **Temperature:** Mild heating may be applied to facilitate the reaction.

### 8. Complete the following reaction for the halogenation substitution reaction of:

#### 8.1 $$ \mathrm{CH}_{4}+\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \rightarrow $$

The reaction of methane (CH₄) with chlorine (Cl₂) under UV light or heat leads to the formation of chloromethane (methyl chloride) and hydrogen chloride (HCl):

$$
\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{Cl} + \mathrm{HCl}
$$

#### 8.2 $$ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow $$

The reaction of methanol (CH₃OH) with hydrogen chloride (HCl) leads to the formation of chloromethane (methyl chloride) and water:

$$
\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{Cl} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}
$$

### 8.3 Complete the hydrolysis reaction for:

#### 8.1 $$ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}+\mathrm{NaOH} $$ (dilute) $$ \rightarrow $$

The reaction of methyl bromide (CH₃Br) with dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) leads to the formation of methanol (CH₃OH) and sodium bromide (NaBr):

\[
\
**5.2** Propan-2-ol is a **secondary alcohol** because the carbon with the hydroxyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. **5.3** The reaction of pentan-1-ol with HBr produces **bromopentane** and water. **5.4** Pentan-1-ol is a **primary alcohol** since the carbon with the hydroxyl group is bonded to only one other carbon atom. **5.5** HBr can be prepared by reacting sodium bromide (NaBr) with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) to form hydrobromic acid. **6.1** The hydrolysis of 2-bromo-3-methylbutane forms **3-methylbutan-2-ol** and potassium bromide (KBr). **6.2** Conditions for the hydrolysis reaction include using water as the solvent and mild heating. **7.1** The hydrolysis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane yields **2-methylpropan-2-ol** and hydrogen chloride (HCl). **7.2** Conditions for this reaction are similar to the previous hydrolysis, involving water and mild heating. **8.1** $$ \mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{Cl} + \mathrm{HCl} $$ **8.2** $$ \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{Cl} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} $$ **8.3** $$ \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{Br} + \mathrm{NaOH} $$ (dilute) $$ \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{NaBr} $$

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