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The mammalian tail and the human coccyx (tail bone) differ in their functions, but the close resemblance of these structures indicates a common evolutionary origin. \( \begin{array}{r}\text { The flippers of both penguins and } \\ \text { dolphins help them swim, but } \\ \text { the internal structures of the } \\ \text { flippers vary. }\end{array} \)

Ask by Wang Lynch. in the United States
Mar 13,2025

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The mammalian tail and human coccyx are similar because they come from the same evolutionary ancestor, even though they now serve different purposes. Similarly, penguins and dolphins have flippers that help them swim, but their internal structures are different because they evolved separately.

Solución

The passage discusses the concept of evolutionary biology, specifically focusing on homologous structures and convergent evolution. Let's break down the key points: 1. **Homologous Structures**: The mammalian tail and the human coccyx (tailbone) are examples of homologous structures. They have a common evolutionary origin, but their functions have diverged over time. The mammalian tail serves various functions such as balance and communication, while the coccyx in humans is a remnant structure with no significant function. 2. **Convergent Evolution**: The flippers of penguins and dolphins illustrate convergent evolution. Although both animals have flippers that serve the same function (swimming), their internal structures are different. This indicates that they evolved independently in response to similar environmental challenges, rather than from a common ancestor with flippers. In summary, the passage highlights how different evolutionary paths can lead to similar adaptations (convergent evolution) and how structures can retain a common origin while serving different functions (homologous structures).

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Extra Insights

Did you know that the human coccyx is a remnant of what was once a fully functional tail in our primate ancestors? This small bone serves as an anchor for muscles and ligaments, reminding us of our evolutionary past. While it's no longer a tail, the coccyx still plays a role in maintaining balance and stability when we sit, a quirky example of evolution's design! When it comes to the flippers of penguins and dolphins, their similar shapes serve a common purpose: steering through water efficiently. However, the internal structures reveal fascinating evolutionary adaptations. Penguins are birds and have bones structured for flight (albeit, now adapted for swimming), while dolphins are mammals with a completely different evolutionary path, showcasing how similar environments can lead to analogous, yet structurally diverse, adaptations.

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