12. Define autosomes and sex chromosomes.

Autosomes are the chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of an individual. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes, which carry genes that influence various traits and functions like eye color, height, and metabolism. These chromosomes look the same in both males and females, playing a crucial role in genetic diversity and inheritance! On the other hand, sex chromosomes are specifically responsible for determining the biological sex of an individual. Humans have one pair of sex chromosomes, which are either XX (female) or XY (male). These chromosomes carry genes linked to sexual development and reproductive functions, making them essential players in the story of heredity!