In which type of learning do organisms learn the association between a stimulus and a reflexive response? Classical conditioning Observational learning Implicit learning Operant conditioning

1. **Understanding the Question** The question asks about the type of learning where organisms form an association between a stimulus and a reflexive response. 2. **Key Concept: Classical Conditioning** In \( \textbf{classical conditioning} \), a natural reflex is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus (US), and by pairing a neutral stimulus (NS) with the US, the neutral stimulus eventually becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits a conditioned response (CR). This process forms an association between the CS and the reflexive response. 3. **Eliminating Other Options** - **Observational learning:** Involves learning by watching others rather than forming direct associations between a stimulus and a reflex. - **Implicit learning:** Refers to learning complex information in an incidental manner, without conscious awareness of what has been learned. - **Operant conditioning:** Involves learning through the consequences of behavior, such as rewards and punishments, rather than pairing a stimulus with a reflex. 4. **Final Answer** Since the process described in the question matches the mechanism of classical conditioning, the correct answer is: **Classical conditioning**.