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The cell cycle has two main phases: interphase and mitosis.
**Interphase** includes:
- **G1 Phase**: Cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
- **S Phase**: DNA is copied.
- **G2 Phase**: Cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division.
**Mitosis** includes:
- **Prophase**: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle forms.
- **Metaphase**: Chromosomes align at the center.
- **Anaphase**: Sister chromatids separate.
- **Telophase**: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms.
After mitosis, **Cytokinesis** divides the cytoplasm, resulting in two new cells.
Solución
The cell cycle consists of several stages that a cell goes through to grow and divide. It can be divided into two main phases: interphase and mitosis. Below is a diagrammatic representation and a list of events for each phase.
### Diagram of the Cell Cycle
```
+------------------+
| Interphase |
| |
| G1 | S | G2 |
+------------------+
|
v
+------------------+
| Mitosis |
| |
| Prophase |
| Metaphase |
| Anaphase |
| Telophase |
+------------------+
|
v
+------------------+
| Cytokinesis |
+------------------+
```
### Events of the Cell Cycle
#### Interphase
1. **G1 Phase (Gap 1)**:
- The cell grows in size.
- Synthesizes proteins and organelles.
- Prepares for DNA replication.
2. **S Phase (Synthesis)**:
- DNA replication occurs.
- Each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two sister chromatids.
3. **G2 Phase (Gap 2)**:
- The cell continues to grow.
- Produces proteins necessary for mitosis.
- Checks for DNA damage and ensures all DNA is replicated correctly.
#### Mitosis
1. **Prophase**:
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
- The nuclear envelope begins to break down.
- The mitotic spindle begins to form.
2. **Metaphase**:
- Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (equatorial plane).
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
3. **Anaphase**:
- Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.
- The cell elongates as the spindle fibers shorten.
4. **Telophase**:
- Chromatids reach the poles and begin to de-condense back into chromatin.
- The nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.
#### Cytokinesis
- The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells.
- In animal cells, this occurs through a cleavage furrow.
- In plant cells, a cell plate forms to separate the two new cells.
This overview provides a clear understanding of the cell cycle and its key events.
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