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6. Diagram and list events of the cell cycle (interphase and mitosis)

Ask by Gibson Ford. in the United States
Mar 16,2025

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The cell cycle has two main phases: interphase and mitosis. **Interphase** includes: - **G1 Phase**: Cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. - **S Phase**: DNA is copied. - **G2 Phase**: Cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division. **Mitosis** includes: - **Prophase**: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle forms. - **Metaphase**: Chromosomes align at the center. - **Anaphase**: Sister chromatids separate. - **Telophase**: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms. After mitosis, **Cytokinesis** divides the cytoplasm, resulting in two new cells.

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The cell cycle consists of several stages that a cell goes through to grow and divide. It can be divided into two main phases: interphase and mitosis. Below is a diagrammatic representation and a list of events for each phase. ### Diagram of the Cell Cycle ``` +------------------+ | Interphase | | | | G1 | S | G2 | +------------------+ | v +------------------+ | Mitosis | | | | Prophase | | Metaphase | | Anaphase | | Telophase | +------------------+ | v +------------------+ | Cytokinesis | +------------------+ ``` ### Events of the Cell Cycle #### Interphase 1. **G1 Phase (Gap 1)**: - The cell grows in size. - Synthesizes proteins and organelles. - Prepares for DNA replication. 2. **S Phase (Synthesis)**: - DNA replication occurs. - Each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two sister chromatids. 3. **G2 Phase (Gap 2)**: - The cell continues to grow. - Produces proteins necessary for mitosis. - Checks for DNA damage and ensures all DNA is replicated correctly. #### Mitosis 1. **Prophase**: - Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes. - The nuclear envelope begins to break down. - The mitotic spindle begins to form. 2. **Metaphase**: - Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (equatorial plane). - Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. 3. **Anaphase**: - Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell. - The cell elongates as the spindle fibers shorten. 4. **Telophase**: - Chromatids reach the poles and begin to de-condense back into chromatin. - The nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes. #### Cytokinesis - The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells. - In animal cells, this occurs through a cleavage furrow. - In plant cells, a cell plate forms to separate the two new cells. This overview provides a clear understanding of the cell cycle and its key events.

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The cell cycle, like a well-orchestrated symphony, consists of key movements. Interphase sets the stage with three acts: G1 (cell growth), S (synthesis of DNA), and G2 (preparation for mitosis). Then, the main event, mitosis, takes the spotlight, which can be broken down into four acts: prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes align), anaphase (sister chromatids separate), and telophase (nuclear membranes form). To visualize it, imagine a busy traffic light sequence: during G1, cells are in the "go" phase, building up resources. In S, they’re duplicating their license plates (DNA)! As G2 rolls in, they make sure all systems are "check." Finally, mitosis takes off, scoring high with its precision - think of it as the ultimate dance-off, where each chromosome knows exactly its moves!

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