(b) Substitute the numbers from the subtraction problem into Carmen's algorithm and complete the first step. \( \begin{array}{ll}72+10=82 & \text { so } 72+10=70+\square \\ -(38+10)=\square & \text { so }-(38+10)=-(40+\square)\end{array} \)

In the first step of Carmen's algorithm, we break down the numbers into simpler components to make the calculations easier. For the left side, \(72 + 10 = 82\) suggests that instead of working directly with 72 and 10, we can think of it as \(70 + 12\) because 70 is a more manageable round number. Thus, the blank becomes 12: \(72 + 10 = 70 + 12\). For the right side, we rewrite \(-(38 + 10)\) as \(-(48)\), which can be expressed as \(-(40 + 8)\). This helps in understanding how to approach the subtraction more closely, leaving the blank as 8: \(-(38 + 10) = -(40 + 8)\).