1. Dorcas is 12 years old and her brother is 3 years older. Their father gives them pocket money in the ratio of their ages. If he has R 450 to give to them, what will each one get?

To find out how much pocket money each sibling receives, we first need to establish their ages and the ratio between them. Dorcas is 12 years old and her brother is 15 years old (12 + 3). The total age sum is 12 + 15 = 27. The ratio of their ages is therefore 12:15. Now, we can express their portions of the R 450 total according to this ratio. First, we add the parts of the ratio: 12 + 15 = 27 parts. For Dorcas: (12/27) * 450 = R 200. For her brother: (15/27) * 450 = R 250. So, Dorcas will receive R 200, and her brother will receive R 250.