\( Fe _ { 2 } O _ { 3 } + CO \rightarrow 2 FeO + CO _ { 2 } \)

This reaction showcases the reduction of iron(III) oxide, or rust, using carbon monoxide. Iron(III) oxide has been utilized since ancient times in metallurgy, particularly in extracting iron from its ores. This chemistry was pivotal in the development of ironworking during the Iron Age, leading to enhanced tools and weaponry that transformed societies. In practical terms, this reaction is a key step in steel production. Iron ore is typically reduced in a blast furnace where carbon monoxide is produced from burning coke, facilitating the extraction of iron. Understanding this process is crucial for metallurgists aiming to produce high-quality steel efficiently.