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The graph of \( f(x) = 3^{x+2} \) is an exponential curve that increases rapidly as \( x \) increases. It has a horizontal asymptote at \( y = 0 \) and passes through the points \( (-2, 1) \), \( (0, 9) \), and \( (1, 27) \). The domain is all real numbers, and the range is all positive real numbers.
Domain: All real numbers
Range: \( (0, \infty) \)
Solución
We are given the function f(x) = 3^(x + 2).
Step 1: Graph Description
• Recognize that 3 is greater than 1, so the function is exponential and increasing.
• The function can be rewritten as f(x) = 3^(x + 2) = 3^x · 3^2 = 9 · 3^x. This indicates that compared to the basic exponential function 3^x, its graph is shifted 2 units to the left and stretched vertically by a factor of 9.
• Horizontal asymptote: y = 0 (the graph never touches the x-axis).
• Key points:
– At x = -2: f(-2) = 3^(0) = 1. (This is the "starting" point after the horizontal shift.)
– At x = 0: f(0) = 3^(2) = 9 (the y-intercept).
– At x = 1: f(1) = 3^(3) = 27.
– At x = -3: f(-3) = 3^(-1) = 1/3.
• The graph rises quickly as x increases and gets very close to 0 as x decreases, without ever touching the x-axis.
To help you visualize, here’s a rough sketch of what the graph looks like:
f(x)
│
30 │ • (1,27)
│ •
25 │ •
│ •
20 │ •
│ •
15 │ •
│ •
9 │ • (0,9)
│ •
5 │ •
│ •
1 │• (–2,1)
│•
└──────────────────────── x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
(NOTE: The diagram above is an approximate representation. As x increases to the right, the graph rises steeply, and as x decreases to the left, the graph approaches y = 0 but never touches it.)
Step 2: Domain and Range
• Domain: Since the exponent can be any real number, the domain is all real numbers, or (–∞, ∞).
• Range: Because an exponential function is always positive regardless of x, the range is (0, ∞).
Summary:
• f(x) = 3^(x + 2) is an exponential function shifted 2 units left and scaled upward by a factor of 9.
• Domain: (–∞, ∞)
• Range: (0, ∞)
This completes the drawing description and the statement of the domain and range for the function.
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