13- Explain Potential energy, and write down the formula? What do the letters stand for? 14- Explain the Law of conservation of energy and give an example.

Potential energy is the stored energy in an object due to its position or state. The most common form is gravitational potential energy, which is calculated using the formula PE = mgh. Here, "PE" stands for potential energy, "m" represents mass (in kilograms), "g" is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²), and "h" is the height above a reference point (in meters). So, the higher something is lifted, the more potential energy it possesses! The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. A classic example is a pendulum: at its highest point, it has maximum potential energy, which converts to kinetic energy as it swings down. When it reaches the lowest point, its kinetic energy is at a maximum, and as it swings back up, that kinetic energy is converted back to potential energy. Energy is always conserved throughout this process, just like a dance between forms!