1. Solve \( \cos ^{2} \theta-\sin \theta-1=0 \) Solve \( 2 \cos 2 \theta+\cos \theta+2=0 \) a) Solve \( 10 \cos ^{2} \theta-5 \sin 2 \theta+2=0 \). b) Use the solution to a) above to obtain values in the range \( \left[-270^{\circ} ; 180^{\circ}\right] \) whic satisfy the equation.
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To solve the equation \( \cos ^{2} \theta - \sin \theta - 1 = 0 \), we can use the identity \( \sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1 \) to rewrite \( \cos^2 \theta \) as \( 1 - \sin^2 \theta \). Substituting gives us \( 1 - \sin^2 \theta - \sin \theta - 1 = 0 \) or simplifying further, we have \( -\sin^2 \theta - \sin \theta = 0 \). Factoring out \(-\sin \theta\), we find \(-\sin \theta(\sin \theta + 1) = 0\), leading to \(\sin \theta = 0\) or \(\sin \theta = -1\). Thus, the solutions are \(\theta = n \cdot 180^\circ\) or \(\theta = 270^\circ + n \cdot 360^\circ\), where \(n\) is any integer. For the equation \(2 \cos 2 \theta + \cos \theta + 2 = 0\), we can use the double angle formula, \( \cos 2 \theta = 2 \cos^2 \theta - 1\). Substituting this in gives \(2(2 \cos^2 \theta - 1) + \cos \theta + 2 = 0\), simplifying to \(4 \cos^2 \theta + \cos \theta = 0\). Factoring out \(\cos \theta\) leads to \(\cos \theta (4 \cos \theta + 1) = 0\). So, we have \(\cos \theta = 0\) or \(4 \cos \theta + 1 = 0 \Rightarrow \cos \theta = -\frac{1}{4}\). The general solutions are \(\theta = 90^\circ + n \cdot 180^\circ\) for \(\cos \theta = 0\) and \(\theta = 2n \cdot 360^\circ \pm \cos^{-1}\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)\). For part a), the equation \(10 \cos^2 \theta - 5 \sin 2\theta + 2 = 0\) becomes \(10 \cos^2 \theta - 5(2 \sin \theta \cos \theta) + 2 = 0\). We can rewrite \(\sin 2\theta\) using the identity, leading to \(10 \cos^2 \theta - 10 \sin \theta \cos \theta + 2 = 0\). Substituting \(u = \cos \theta\), the equation becomes \(10 u^2 - 10 (1-u^2)^{1/2} u + 2 = 0\). Solving this quadratic gives solutions for \(\cos \theta\). In part b), the values satisfying the equation can be obtained by substituting the values of \( \theta \) found from part a) into the specified range of \([-270^\circ, 180^\circ]\), calculating respective angles, and taking care of periodicity of the cosine function to find all valid solutions. This involves finding angles based on the angles discovered from the previous parts of the problem within the given range!
