Pregunta
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Evaluate the following integral or state that it diverges. Select the correct choice and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice. A. \( \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} d x \) The improper integral converges and \( \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} d x=\square \). (Type an exact answer, using \( \pi \) as needed.)

Ask by Frazier Martin. in the United States
Mar 10,2025

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The improper integral \( \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} dx \) diverges.

Solución

Calculate the integral \( \int \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} dx \). Evaluate the integral by following steps: - step0: Evaluate using substitution: \(\int \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} dx\) - step1: Use the substitution \(dx=\frac{1}{11x^{10}} dt\) to transform the integral\(:\) \(\int \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1}\times \frac{1}{11x^{10}} dt\) - step2: Simplify: \(\int \frac{1}{11x^{11}-11} dt\) - step3: Use the substitution \(t=x^{11}\) to transform the integral\(:\) \(\int \frac{1}{11t-11} dt\) - step4: Rewrite the expression: \(\int \frac{1}{11}\times \frac{1}{t-1} dt\) - step5: Use properties of integrals: \(\frac{1}{11}\times \int \frac{1}{t-1} dt\) - step6: Evaluate the integral: \(\frac{1}{11}\ln{\left(\left|t-1\right|\right)}\) - step7: Substitute back: \(\frac{1}{11}\ln{\left(\left|x^{11}-1\right|\right)}\) - step8: Add the constant of integral C: \(\frac{1}{11}\ln{\left(\left|x^{11}-1\right|\right)} + C, C \in \mathbb{R}\) The integral of \( \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} \) with respect to \( x \) is \( \frac{1}{11} \ln(|x^{11}-1|) + C \), where \( C \) is an arbitrary constant. Now, we need to evaluate the improper integral from 0 to 1. To evaluate the improper integral, we need to find the limit as the upper bound approaches 1. Let's calculate the limit: Evaluate the limit by following steps: - step0: Evaluate the limit: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow 1}\left(\frac{1}{11}\ln{\left(\left|x^{11}-1\right|\right)}\right)\) - step1: Rewrite the expression: \(\frac{1}{11}\times \lim _{x\rightarrow 1}\left(\ln{\left(\left|x^{11}-1\right|\right)}\right)\) - step2: Calculate: \(\frac{1}{11}\left(-\infty\right)\) - step3: Simplify: \(-\infty\) The limit as \( x \) approaches 1 is \( -\infty \), which means the improper integral diverges. Therefore, the correct answer is: B. The improper integral diverges.

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Bonus Knowledge

To evaluate the integral \( \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} dx \), we can first recognize that the integrand has a singularity at \( x = 1 \). To analyze this, we can split the integral and consider the limit: \[ \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} dx = \lim_{b \to 1^-} \int_{0}^{b} \frac{x^{10}}{x^{11}-1} dx \] Now, to simplify the integrand, notice that as \( x \) approaches 1, \( x^{11} - 1 \) approaches 0. A helpful substitution is to let \( x^{11} = t \), giving \( dx = \frac{1}{11} t^{\frac{10}{11}} dt \). The limits change from \( x = 0 \) to \( x = 1 \), mapping \( t \) from \( 0 \) to \( 1 \). The integral becomes: \[ \int_{0}^{1} \frac{t^{10/11}}{t - 1} \frac{1}{11} dt \] Now, as we evaluate the limit, we can use the theory of improper integrals. The integrand has a logarithmic divergence at \( t = 1 \), indicating the integral will diverge. Thus, we state that the improper integral diverges. Therefore, the conclusion is: The improper integral diverges.

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