\( \begin{array}{ll}-3-f=5 & \text { 8. } 9-v=0 \\ \text { 9. } \\ -4-e=-1 & \text { 10. } b+9=8 \\ \text { 11. } h+-5=0 & \text { 12. }-6-p=-1 \\ \text { 13. } 8-x=-1 & \text { 14. }-2-j=5 \\ \text { 15. }-3-y=-2 & \text { 16. } z+1=0 \\ \text { 17. }-4-m=-1 & \text { 18. } t+0=-1 \\ \text { 19. } 5-q=4 & \text { 20. } o+-4=-\end{array} \)

1. Solve \(-3-f=5\):   Add \(3\) to both sides:   \(\displaystyle -f = 5+3=8\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle f=-8\) 2. Solve \(9-v=0\):   Subtract \(9\) from both sides:   \(\displaystyle -v=-9\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle v=9\) 3. Solve \(-4-e=-1\):   Add \(4\) to both sides:   \(\displaystyle -e=-1+4=3\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle e=-3\) 4. Solve \(b+9=8\):   Subtract \(9\) from both sides:   \(\displaystyle b=8-9=-1\) 5. Solve \(h+-5=0\) (i.e. \(h-5=0\)):   Add \(5\) to both sides:   \(\displaystyle h=5\) 6. Solve \(-6-p=-1\):   Add \(6\) to both sides:   \(\displaystyle -p=-1+6=5\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle p=-5\) 7. Solve \(8-x=-1\):   Subtract \(8\) from both sides:   \(\displaystyle -x=-1-8=-9\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle x=9\) 8. Solve \(-2-j=5\):   Add \(2\) to both sides:   \(\displaystyle -j=5+2=7\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle j=-7\) 9. Solve \(-3-y=-2\):   Add \(3\) to both sides:   \(\displaystyle -y=-2+3=1\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle y=-1\) 10. Solve \(z+1=0\):   Subtract \(1\) from both sides:   \(\displaystyle z=-1\) 11. Solve \(-4-m=-1\):   Add \(4\) to both sides:   \(\displaystyle -m=-1+4=3\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle m=-3\) 12. Solve \(t+0=-1\) (i.e. \(t=-1\)):   Thus, \(\displaystyle t=-1\) 13. Solve \(5-q=4\):   Subtract \(5\) from both sides:   \(\displaystyle -q=4-5=-1\)   Multiply by \(-1\):   \(\displaystyle q=1\) 14. The 20th equation is given as \(o+-4=-\) which is incomplete and does not provide enough information to solve for \(o\). Thus, the solutions are: \[ \begin{aligned} f &= -8,\\ v &= 9,\\ e &= -3,\\ b &= -1,\\ h &= 5,\\ p &= -5,\\ x &= 9,\\ j &= -7,\\ y &= -1,\\ z &= -1,\\ m &= -3,\\ t &= -1,\\ q &= 1, \end{aligned} \] and the equation for \(o\) is incomplete.